Technology-based Learning and 21st-Century Skills for Primary School Students

The 21st-century skills must be presented in the learning process in the digital era for all students, including elementary school students. Various kinds of 21st-century learning content must be integrated into the learning process in the classroom according to the material contained in the independent curriculum. This study aims to analyze technology-based learning and 21st-century skills in elementary school students. Observations of the learning process were carried out on 41 students at SD N 1 Jarum and 143 students at SD IT Persada Bayat within 2 semesters. Students were interviewed in groups and some of them were interviewed individually to get some more specific information. Document analysis was carried out to see various supporting information that can complement the data. The results showed that technology-based learning and 21st-century skills in elementary school students can be applied using critical thinking, problem solving, communication, and collaboration. Various activities can be carried out to support the achievement of this model, including individual activities, small group activities, large groups, in the classroom, outside the classroom, idea-based, product-based, and digital-based activities. This model will be effective if all activities are carried out in a synergistic pattern. Keywords: learning technology, 2

Technology-Enhanced Application in L2 Pragmatic Instruction: A Systematic Literature Review

This systematic literature review focuses on the use of technology-enhanced applications in second language (L2) pragmatic instruction. This paper will systematically analyze papers from several electronic databases between the years 2012 and 2023 that investigate the use of technology in L2 pragmatic instruction, with a focus on the type of technology used, its effectiveness in enhancing pragmatic competence, and its impact on learners' motivation and engagement. The review also considers the pedagogical implication that underlie the design and implementation of technology-enhanced pragmatic instruction. The findings suggest that technology-enhanced applications can effectively enhance learners' pragmatic competence, motivation, and engagement. However, the effectiveness of such applications is highly dependent on the pedagogical principles that inform their design and implementation, including the incorporation of authentic materials, task-based instruction, and learner-centered approaches. The review concludes with recommendations for future research and pedagogical practice in this area.

Collaborative Learning for Early Childhood Education

If starting school at the age of seven was considered sufficient in the past, many parents now start their children at the age of toddlers. As a result, the teacher’s role is critical because it serves as a substitute for parents. Preschool teachers must be able to monitor children’s growth and development in addition to teaching because it affects their future. Parents and teachers must pay adequate attention and affection, educate, guide, and set a good example. Students collaborate in groups to achieve the common goal of each idea through collaborative learning. This aligns with the skills required in the 21st century, namely the 4Cs (creative thinking, critical thinking and problem-solving, communication, and collaboration). The research method employs descriptive qualitative research to describe early childhood teachers’ perceptions of collaborative learning’s current implementation. The participants in the study were 23 teachers who had implemented collaborative learning. Keywords: kw

. Unraveling Rhetorical Strategies of Political Propaganda of The Islamic State

ABSTRACT Pradana, I.M.P. 2016. Unraveling Rhetorical Strategies of Political Propaganda of The Islamic State. Thesis, English Department, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. Advisors: (1) Prof. A. Effendi Kadarisman, M.A., Ph.D.; (2) Prof. Dr. Yazid Basthomi, M.A. Keywords:  Political Propaganda, Systemic Functional Grammar, Rhetorical Strategies, Dabiq, The Islamic State, Critical Discourse Analysis The international attention of the terrorism nowadays has extended to focus on the biggest threat from The Islamic State or IS. This issue is not only attracting international society and governments regarding security issues but also attracting several scholars from various fields including linguistics. The reason is that The Islamic State makes their political ideology by employing some linguistic devices through their online publication entitled Dabiq to propagate and dogmatize their ideology. The researcher was intrigued at this point since media exposes the idea in a very communicative and practical way to influence the readers' minds to construct particular ideas. In analyzing the propaganda, the researcher used the theories of systemic functional grammar proposed by Halliday and Matthiessien (2004) and rhetorical criticism by Hart (1990). By using a descriptive qualitative design, the researcher used those two theories in analyzing the data. The data of the research were collected from the Dabiq, with ten articles chosen. Dabiq is an online magazine issued by The Islamic State. The magazine provides the readers battlefield report, administrative report, and religious commentary that the contents are underlying a basic set of Islamic religious concept. After the data had been obtained, the researcher converted the data to make the data readable to the concordance tool. The data were processed in the concordance tool to obtain frequencies of the words. The researcher found that the most frequent type of modality is epistemic modality, with frequency (81.21%). While in transitivity process, the most frequent type is material process (65.32). Regarding rhetorical strategies, the researcher found that the most common type of ideas is evaluative ideas; optative and adjudicative (66%). Further, the dimension of competence is the most frequent type of verbal dimensions of credibility (50%). This result showed that the editors of Dabiq employed a ‘grey' propaganda to spread their ideology. It is indicated by the presented information using high epistemic modality along with disinformation strategy to deflect the readers. Moreover, upon examining the transitivity process,  the editors represent The Islamic State as a goal-directed institution in which their aim is to establish a legitimate state. Also, upon analyzing the rhetorical strategies, the researcher argues that the editors seek to establish the desirability of The Islamic State. It is indicated by using evaluative ideas and the dimension of credibility. The researcher also expected students from Linguistics to use this study as a reference of applying the theory of Systemic Functional Grammar in analyzing linguistics phenomena in the daily life or any other kind of media. Lastly, future researchers of Political Propaganda are expected to get inspired and broaden the focus into other strategies of propaganda and consider the visual representation and also other forms of systemic functional grammar. ABSTRAK Pradana, I.M.P. 2016. Mengurai Strategi Retoris Propaganda Politik The Islamic State. Skripsi, Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: (1) Prof. A. Effendi Kadarisman, MA, Ph.D .; (2) Prof. Dr. Yazid Basthomi, MA. Kata kunci: Propaganda Politik, Tata Bahasa Sistemik Fungsional, Strategi Retoris, Dabiq, The Islamic State, Analisis Wacana Kritis Saat ini masyarakat internasional memustakan sebagian besar perhatian mereka pada ancaman terbesar terorisme dari The Islamic State atau IS. Masalah ini tidak hanya menarik masyarakat internasional dan pemerintah mengenai masalah keamanan, tetapi juga menarik beberapa cendekiawan dari berbagai bidang termasuk linguistik. Hal ini dikarenakan bahwa The Islamic State mengemas ideologi politik mereka dengan menggunakan beberapa perangkat lingureistik melalui publikasi online mereka yang berjudul Dabiq untuk menyebarkan dogmatika ideologi mereka. Peneliti tertarik pada poin ini dikarenakan media tersebut menampilkan pemikiran mereka dengan cara yang sangat komunikatif dan praktis untuk mempengaruhi pikiran pembaca guna mengonstruksi ide-ide tertentu. Dalam menganalisis propaganda, peneliti menggunakan teori tata bahasa sistemik fungsional yang diusulkan oleh Halliday dan Matthiessien (2004) dan kritik retoris oleh Hart (1990). Dengan menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif, peneliti menggunakan dua teori tersebut dalam menganalisis data. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dari Dabiq, dengan sepuluh artikel yang dipilih. Dabiq adalah sebuah majalah online yang dikeluarkan oleh The Islamic State. Majalah ini memberikan laporan pembaca mengenai medan perang, laporan administrasi, dan komentar keagamaan yang isinya berdasarkan satu set dasar konsep agama Islam. Setelah data telah diperoleh, peneliti mengkonversi data untuk membuat data dapat dibaca ke perangkat konkordansi. Data diolah pada perangkat konkordansi untuk mendapatkan frekuensi kata-kata yang diperlukan. Peneliti menemukan bahwa modalitas yang paling sering muncul adalah modalitas epistemik, dengan frekuensi (81,21%). Sementara untuk proses transitivitas, jenis yang paling sering adalah proses material (65,32). Mengenai strategi retoris, peneliti menemukan bahwa jenis yang paling sering digunakan adalah ide evaluatif; optative dan adjudikatif (66%). Selanjutnya, dimensi kompetensi yang paling sering digunakan adalan dimensi lisan kredibilitas (50%). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa editor Dabiq menerapkan propaganda abu-abu untuk menyebarkan ideologi mereka. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan informasi yang disajikan menggunakan modalitas epistemik yang tinggi bersamaan dengan strategi disinformasi untuk membelokkan pesrpektif pembaca. Selain itu, setelah menganalisis proses transitivitas, editor yang merepresentasikan The Islamic State sebagai sebuah organisasi yang mengedepankan pada tujuan di mana tujuan mereka adalah untuk mendirikan sebuah negara yang sah. Selanjutnya, setelah menganalisis strategi retoris, peneliti berpendapat bahwa editor berusaha untuk membangun keinginan pembaca untuk bergabung dengan The Islamic State. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan penggunaan ide-ide evaluatif dan dimensi kredibilitas. Peneliti juga mengharapkan mahasiswa Linguistik menggunakan penelitian ini sebagai acuan penerapan teori tata bahasa sistemik fungsional dalam menganalisis fenomena linguistik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari atau jenis media lainnya. Untuk peneliti Propaganda Politik selanjutnya diharapkan untuk memperluas fokus ke strategi lain dari propaganda dan mempertimbangkan representasi visual dan juga bentuk lain dari tata bahasa sistemik fungsional.

Indonesian Education: A Future Promise

Technological, social and environmental changes are occurring globally. Disruption of technology will impact all sectors of human life. Sociocultural changes occur in demographics, socio-economics of the world population. In the midst of this chaotic condition, the Indonesian nation as a country with a large population and natural resources must inevitably adapt to the global environment. One of the backbones of the nation's civilization to face global competition is good and mature planning in the education sector that adapts to global demands. This paper reviews the future of Indonesian education based on the results of the mapping between the Ki Hadjar Dewantara Education Model, the Indonesian Education Roadmap 2020-2015, the Disrupt Education Model in 2020, The WEF Education 4.0 Framework, and the Future of the Classroom Model. This paper results a future Indonesian Education Model framework to realize Indonesia's education Vision 2035.